Within a single cross-platform file (without external dependencies) using B-Tree format.
Native C API, language bindings for lots of languages like C/C++/Python etc.
Using SQL CREATE statements for tables, indices, triggers etc.
Yes, multiple reader threads or single writer thread capability.
Automatic locking at page/row level and write-ahead log for concurrency/crash protection.
For use from client-server apps and access via ODBC, JDBC, ADO.NET, PHP PDO etc.